Study and comparative analysis of the utilisation of the recombinant DNA of genetically modified soybean by various microorganisms

Author: akaki chargeishvili
Keywords: gene modified, recombinant, gene horizontal transferDNA, degradation
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Abstract A genetically modified organism (gmo) is any organism whose genetical material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. With modern approaches it is possible to overcome natural barriers (physiological, reproductive, recombinant). The methods used for genetically modified organisms are: genetically direct injection, bombardment with micro particles, use of pathogenic microorganisms as a vectors and etc. The number of Genetically modified organisms and their consumption annually increases worldwide, GMO organisms are widely used in food production, animal feed, pharmacology and other important fields. Glyphosate tolerant soybean is the most widely distributed among GM crops that was created by "Monsanto" in 1995, and nowadays it holds 94% from total soy bean what is harvested in US. The US is the largest importer in the world of soy bean. The Georgian market is filled with food and animal feed which containing GM soybean. Because the Georgian legislation does not regulate the management of GMO waste, It permanently spreads in the environment. The GMO waste in the environment is a recombinant DNA source which is a potential threat to the horizontal gene transfer. There is little information on the recombinant DNA degradation by terrestrial microorganisms. Because of this fact we decided to study degradation of the recombinant dna by various microorganism. We would have chosen Escherichia coli as one of the most well-researched body organisms in biological studies, Also Bacilus subtilis as one of the most widely spread and well-studied microorganisms in the environment, which may be in permanent contact with GM waste. The recombinand DNA degradation and horizontal gene transfer were studied by traditional and moder biotechnological methods. we cultivated chosen microorganisms on the media which contains GM soy bean. also we added as kanamycin and glyphosate as Stimulating factors. next step was extraction of DNA from this microorganisms and screening on the GMO markers p35S and TNOS. We also separately cultivated the strains in liquid media which which contains GM soy bean In the constant shaking conditions for 96 hours. Every 24 hours we were taking the samples from bacterial media. Next step was extraction of DNA from samples and quantitative analysis of the GMO and plant markers. B.subtilis showed high levels of DNA degradation than E.coli. we didn't detect horizontal gene transfer between GM soybean and bacteria by our methodology. The study revealed that the ability of bacteria to degradation DNA in the surrounding area is different. The different construction of GMO markers showed different stability against bacterial degradation

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